ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in buccal mucosa cancers is guided by histopathological factors. The decision to treat ipsilateral or bilateral draining lymph node is on physician discretion and guidelines do not have a defined indication regarding this. We aimed to analyze the failure patterns and survival in buccal mucosa cancers treated with adjuvant ipsilateral RT. @*Materials and Methods@#One hundred sixteen cases of post-operative buccal mucosa cancers—pT3 or more, node positive, close margins (1–5 mm), lymphovascular invasion positive, perineural invasion positive, depth of invasion >4 mm—treated with RT to primary and ipsilateral nodes from May 2013 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated to a dose of 60–66 Gy (44 Gy in the first phase and a coned down boost of 16–22 Gy in the second phase) with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on a linear accelerator. Primary end point was to assess control rates and secondary end point was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes. @*Results@#Median age was 46 years with male; female ratio of 110:6. The edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage distributions were I (3.4%), II (34.4%), III (24.1%), and IV (37.9%). At a median follow-up of 22 months, crude rates of local failure, regional failure, and contralateral neck failure were 9.4%, 10.3%, and 3.4%, respectively. The 2-year contralateral neck control rate was 94.9%. Pathological positive node portended poorer OS (86.6% vs. 68.6%; p = 0.015) and DFS (86.5% vs. 74.9%; p = 0.01). @*Conclusion@#Incidence of contralateral recurrence with ipsilateral irradiation in buccal mucosa cancers is low with descent survival outcomes, particularly in node negative cases.
ABSTRACT
There is a long time debate whether orthodontic treatment is the cause of Temperomandibular joint disorders ( TMD) or it is used to alleviate the symptoms associated with these disorders such as clicking joints, Muscular pains etc. This paper reviews different aspects of Temperomandibular disorders in relation to orthodontic treatment.
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A strong independent relationship has been observed in epidemiological studies between serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Study group consisted of 100 healthy newborns and hundred healthy volunteers [age group 18-25 years] served as controls. Samples were analyzed for lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol], apolipoproteins: ApoA-I, ApoB. Atherogenic index [A.I.] was calculated as ratio of Apo-B to ApoA-I. Lipid profile parameters were significantly lower in cord blood as compared to adults [P<0.001], cord blood of female newborns had higher total cholesterol [T-C], HDL-C, LDL-C Apo A-I, Apo B and A.I. as compared to male newborns, whereas triglycerides and VLDL-C were higher in male newborns. Gender-related factors might influence lipid levels and the pathological processes for CVD and its risk factors have been
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The study was carried out to discuss the pathogenesis and management protocol of seven different varieties of female uro-genital fistulas [FUGFs]. During 2000-2007, total of 15 FUGFs were operated, which belonged to seven different varieties requiring different routes and surgical procedures for their repair. Different fistulas with different pathophysiological factors required specific examinations and investigations preoperatively. The results of the repaired FUGFs, following the general surgical principles, were acceptable with formation of only one residual fistula. Successful correction of FUGFs is a surgical challenge. Detailed history, through examination and planning, atraumatic tissue handling, routine use of the interposition or onlay reinforcement flaps and vigilant postoperative care were found the key factors in successful outcome of the repaired fistulas
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Vesicovaginal Fistula/pathology , Vesicovaginal Fistula/etiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The yeast sterol auxotroph GL-7, which grows well on ergosterol and cholesterol, was used to study the ability of cholesteryl-(2'–hydroxy)-ethyl ether to substitute for cholesterol. In this compound the 3j3-hydroxyl group of cholesterol is replaced by ethylene glycol and the resulting ether still retains the amphiphilic character of cholesterol. Cholesteryl-(2Lhydroxy)-ethyl ether was found to support the growth of GL-7 as effectively as cholesterol. Crystal violet permeability and membrane order parameter determined using a spin label were similar for cells grown on these sterols. The ability of such ethylene glycol derivatives to substitute for cholesterol in both artificial and natural membranes should help in designing suitable spacers through which molecules can be linked to cholesterol without affecting the normal function of cholesterol in membranes. This in turn should prove useful in studies with surface -modified liposomes.